Ivory Free Campaign Launched

Yao Ming visits an elephant orphanage in Kenya. Photo credit: Kristin Schmidt

Wild Aid, African Wildlife Foundation (AWF), Save the Elephants and Animal Planet are calling on the public to do its part to end the ivory poaching crisis by taking the Ivory Free pledge at ivoryfree.org. The new campaign asks consumers to pledge to never buy, own or accept ivory as gifts, and to support stronger government bans and actions to tackle the illegal ivory trade.

Says African Wildlife Foundation CEO Patrick Bergin: “It’s about building a critical mass of support. The more people who sit up and pay attention to what is happening to Africa’s elephants; the more people who champion this cause and demand action from their governments on this crisis, the harder it will be to ignore the uproar.”

The Ivory Free partnership has been launched in conjunction with the premiere of “Saving Africa’s Giants with Yao Ming”—a new program that follows WildAid ambassador and former NBA star Yao Ming on a journey to Africa to see its natural beauty and witness the devastating elephant and rhino poaching crises. The ivory-free website and program are part of a larger ivory demand reduction campaign involving WildAid, AWF and Save the Elephants, featuring celebrities in public service announcements aired throughout China and other countries.

“We all share this planet with each other and with these majestic animals. We all have a responsibility to do something to save Africa’s elephants. We all have to do our part. I’m doing mine, and you can do yours by going to ivoryfree.org and taking the pledge,” says WildAid Ambassador Yao Ming.

“This is a global problem that requires global solutions, from both individuals and governments. That’s why we’re asking people to take the pledge at ivoryfree.org to never buy or accept ivory, and to encourage their governments to enact stronger domestic bans on the ivory trade,” says WildAid Executive Director Peter Knights.

“Saving Africa’s Giants with Yao Ming” premieres on Animal Planet in the United States on November 18 at 10 PM/9 Central and in the United Kingdom on November 21 at 9PM. Throughout the broadcasts, viewers will be prompted to take action by visiting ivoryfree.org. Those who take the pledge prior to the November 18 U.S. broadcast will have the option of having their names appear on screen during the broadcast.

The program was co-produced by WildAid, Natural History New Zealand and Animal Planet. The film features the work of WildAid, Save the Elephants, Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Daphne Sheldrick and The David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, Dr. Will Fowlds, Lewa Wildlife Conservancy, African Wildlife Foundation, Tusk Trust, Kenya Wildlife Service, and South African National Parks.

For more information on “Saving Africa’s Giants with Yao Ming,” view the Discovery press kit.

Wildlife Conservation and Sustainable Development

Wildlife Conservation and Sustainable Development:

Africa’s wildlife within and outside formally protected areas is restricted to finite spaces by fences or human infrastructure. These restrictions threaten habitats or make them susceptible to change with the causal factors being human-made. Consequently, the management of habitats and the species within these habitats becomes a necessity. International agreements, national legislation, as well as public interest and pressure either empower or restrict wildlife management.
Traditional rigorous ecology and ethology do not guarantee effective conservation. The discipline of conservation biology bridges the gap between the two fields and practical wildlife management; it marries conservation concerns with socio-political, economic, administrative and managerial aspects. It creates the scientific base to respond under field conditions to data produced by scientists of varying branches. This is termed Adaptive Wildlife Management. The wildlife manager evaluates wildlife and its interactions within and with habitats to determine management actions. He reviews and assesses its consequences on species, biodiversity and people. This reviewing process will lead either to a continuation or revision of actions.
As an important step in getting wildlife management on an internationally recognised basis, the Addis Ababa Principles and Guidelines for Sustainable Use of Biodiversity (AAPG) outline that benefits derived from the use of a species can provide the incentive to invest in conserving and reverse the loss of environmental resources. In 2004, the Convention on Biological Diversity decided in Kuala Lumpur to adopt the AAPG. This practical set of 14 principles and guidelines underlines how ecosystems serve and maintain cultures, societies and communities, and apply to any consumptive or non-consumptive use. The AAPG forms a practical tool for the implementation of the African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources and strengthens the role of Incentive-Driven-Conservation. The AAPG assists wildlife managers on international, national and local, as well as institutional levels to ensure that the use of biodiversity will not lead to its long-term decline. The AAPG was adopted by IUCN and CITES in the same year.
Nevertheless, a part of the conservation community (especially from developed countries) opposes the concept, arguing that not enough is known about the impact of use on wild populations. They question whether local people have the knowledge needed to manage wild populations and express concerns whether governments would have the capacity to control wildlife use systems. This attitude often subjects wildlife management decisions to the Precautionary Principle. The process usually starts with the statement that conclusive scientific data are unavailable or insufficient. Decision-making is postponed, deadlines are extended, additional assessments, research and reviews are requested, and public comment from an under- or misinformed public is invited. As a final step, legal processes and the Precautionary Principle are invoked. The concentration on minimising the probability ‘that a false statement is accepted as true’ leads to ignoring the probability of ‘rejecting a true hypothesis as false’ at great expense for wildlife conservation.
Wildlife management in Africa has many examples where this process, combined with emotional public pressure, impairs wildlife management. Conventional public opinion has created an automatic link between precaution and calls for bans on consumptive use options. Perceived mandatory hypothesis testing has been used by well-funded animal-rights organisations to put an unacceptable evidentiary burden on African wildlife managers. This arrangement cannot produce outcomes that best reflect available evidence, the range of stakeholder viewpoints and African needs and aspirations, or the best interests of the animal and plant species. It also poses a serious threat to conservation by reducing economic incentives to conserve species and restrains the actions of wildlife specialists. The Precautionary Principle in wildlife management is in need of examination for the simple reason that, due to prolonged interaction with humans there are no truly natural ecosystems left, that most ecosystems are inextricably affected by and linked to human activity and that human intervention can produce positive outcomes.
Some of its elements can be substituted with adaptive management processes as a method of responding to uncertainty. Adaptive wildlife management has already become the practical means of conservation risk management. It is described as self-conscious experimental approach involving incremental hypothesis formulation and testing. These processes have the advantage of greater dynamism, the ability to rapidly respond to new information and greater relevance in coordinating sociopolitical aspects with conservation objectives. It is a trial-and-error management process based on experience and observation rather than on models and theories. Nevertheless, adaptive processes carry risks, however infinitesimal, of serious or irreversible harm. Therefore they must function within a closed system with appropriate checks and balances.
The precautionary approach requires a detailed assessment of scientific knowledge and risk assessment before action is taken. Adaptive management, in contrast, responds to uncertainty by utilising a combination of scientific, practical and traditional knowledge, translated into small management steps that are subject to continuous monitoring and recording of consequences and effects. There need to be safeguards against abuse by pressure groups in order to prevent the processes being influenced by wasteful, disruptive or counterproductive interference.
Another critical element for the effectiveness and legitimacy of wildlife management is the Participatory Principle. The value of scientific tools and indicators in providing answers for wildlife managers is increased by local stakeholder participation and the acknowledgement of non-scientific indigenous and traditional forms of knowledge. Aid donors and international NGOs can support such processes by not imposing inappropriate external models and by refocusing existing investments to bring them in line with incentive-driven conservation and sustainable development objectives.
Solutions need to be reached within a predetermined time frame. Extensions rarely make much difference in knowledge gained or conclusions reached! A pragmatic ‘strategy of the attainable’ will do infinitely more for people and wildlife than endless bitter debates that usually centre on emotions instead of science and practical experience. Consensus-building and conflict-resolution techniques are therefore an important element of the management of wildlife.
Both in theory and in practice, Adaptive Wildlife Management aims to manage ecosystems to a point where species are in an unthreatened or abundant position. Preservation and Conservation are its interlinked core functions:

• Incentive-driven Conservation incorporates sustainable consumptive and non-consumptive use options of unthreatened or abundant animal and plant populations for human benefit. Any nonconsumptive and consumptive use must not pose a threat to the viability of species’ diversity and biodiversity.
• Incentive-driven Preservation protects animal or plant populations that are either threatened or in decline, with the objective of returning them to unthreatened status under the conservation function.

Emphasis is placed on animal or plant populations and communities in contrast to individual animals and plants and also in contrast to the total number of individuals within a species. Wildlife management must be removed from the emotional individual level. We must also avoid grouping entire species, such as the African elephant, into a continent-wide management category, without considering the vast differences in the status of individual populations and their habitat. Within these two interlinked core functions, wildlife management has to pay close attention to a significant hierarchical conservation order:

• Fulfilment of the legitimate needs of the African people
• Incentive-driven protection/conservation of the soil
• Incentive-driven protection/conservation of the plants that grow in the soil
• Incentive-driven protection/conservation of the animals that use the plants for food or cover and that live in the specialised habitats provided by the different plant communities and their physical environments.

The long-term future of Africa’s wildlife will only be secured if incentive-driven wildlife management models produce tangible benefits for the rural African. One could argue that plants in terrestrial ecosystems play the primary role in driving life, since they alone convert solar energy to carbohydrates. Yet plants depend on soil. Therefore biodiversity conservation and wildlife management begins with soil protection. Without soil, plants cannot grow and without plants, animals cannot exist.
More than 6% of sub-Saharan Africa is allocated to National Parks and reserves and the area is increasing steadily. Africans have proved that they are prepared to pay a high price for the conservation of their natural heritage: damaged crops, lost opportunities, direct expenditure, etc. Thus, for wildlife conservation to stand a realistic chance in the future, wildlife managers must address Africa’s fundamental needs for food, shelter, health care, education and economic participation.
The widespread, yet antiquated philosophy of fortress conservation or rather fortress preservation excludes market-based policies and sustainable use options of natural resources in protected areas and hampers it outside. Fortress preservation wants to preserve an untouched wilderness. Yet none of the parks or other wilderness areas in Africa is untouched by human hand. All are fenced in by either wire or people. It is also true that only a minute percentage of Africans can afford to enjoy them. Yet all Africans have to pay the bill. The hands-off preservationist strategies make protected areas untenable, ensure conflict around them and excludes wildlife from normal economic processes.
Private conservation efforts fared somewhat better in southern Africa. The private ownership of land and game were the reasons for an astonishing comeback of wild game, although there are cases where the ecological principles have been sacrificed for economic gain.
The future of private and public wildlife management (or any combination of the two) and their contribution towards an African Conservation Strategy will rest on mixing ecology, economy and social responsibility in order to achieve an equitable triple-bottom-line result. Wildlife managers must be empowered to unlock the ecosystems’ capability to yield a return on investment by increasing the economic value of wildlife on public and private land. The frequent exclusion of consumptive use options in favour of non-consumptive options (or vice versa) needs to be replaced by a holistic triple-bottom-line approach in order to reduce the dependence on unsustainable donor funding as well as dependence on subsidies from public budgets

3 Reasons Why You Should Protect Wildlife

3 Reasons why you should protect wildlife resources:

 

There are a lot of wonders in the world and among them are wildlife species, such as bears, mountain goats, wolves, elk, and deer. Most people think that there is an abundance of wildlife species in the world, but the truth is, their numbers are dwindling and if nothing is done about it, these species might become endangered and extinct. Animals become endangered all the time and people are not aware about it. Thankfully, more and more preservation programs have been established to ensure that these animals are protected, bred, and well-taken care of. These preservation programs motivate and increase the awareness of the public regarding the proper management of natural resources.

What Is Wildlife Conservation?

Wildlife conservation is the attempt to protect endangered animal and plant species, along with their natural habitat. The main objective of this practice is to make sure that their habitats will be preserved so that the future generations of both wildlife and human can enjoy it. Additionally, wildlife conservation aims to raise awareness regarding the importance of wildlife and wilderness.

Today, there are now government bureaus and organizations that help promote different wildlife conservation areas. The government also aims to implement certain policies that are specifically created to protect the animals.

It is essential to take actions to protect wildlife from extinction. By doing so, we do not only ensure their survival, but also the diversity of the ecosystem. As a result, it will help improve the ecological health of the earth. Listed below are some of the reasons why wildlife protection is essential.

Promote Biodiversity

Biodiversity is essential for a healthy and functional ecosystem. If wildlife is extracted from its natural habitat, the delicate balance of the ecosystem will be disturbed which will then lead to disastrous results. For instance, there is a wide diversity of species living in a tropical rain forest. If any species should become extinct, the food chain will be disrupted affecting all the species. For this reason, promoting biodiversity is one of the main reasons why we should protect wildlife.

Beneficial For Humans

One can learn a lot from animals which can benefit the human race. For instance, a lot of medicines have been derived from the chemicals produced by animals. These medicines are then used to help cure various health conditions, such as heart diseases, disorders, and other illnesses. In fact, based on the statistics provided by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, more than 25% of the medicinal prescriptions given every year contain chemicals from animals. For instance, there are scientists who are studying venom from the pit viper to cure the symptoms of Melanoma, and the venom from a tarantula can help fight neurological disorders.

Wildlife protection is essential because if the animal is gone, it will be impossible to study and learn from them. Unfortunately, a lot of wildlife has disappeared from earth due to human activities, such as the Bali tiger, Mexican grizzly bear, and the Japanese wolf.

Conservation Of Natural Habitat

When we conserve and protect the natural habitat of wildlife species, we enrich our planet. To do so, we must keep the animals in their natural place. Conservation of natural habitats will also be beneficial for humans since it helps keep the essential watersheds intact and ensuring clean, fresh water.

Today, there are now wildlife preservation programs wherein they allow the animals to roam freely in their natural habitat. Some of these programs also allow the animals to interact with humans. This is beneficial since it educates the people and raises awareness regarding the importance of protecting these wildlife species.

These are just some of the reasons why everyone should work together to protect the different species of wildlife. Thankfully, there are now national parks that provide the best natural habitats for various species.

Wildlife conservation and Government Involvement

Wildlife conservation and Government Involvement

In 1972, the Government of India enacted a law called the Wildlife Conservation Act. Soon after enactment, a trend emerged whereby policymakers enacted regulations on conservation. State and non-state actors began to follow a detailed "framework" to work toward successful conservation. The World Conservation Strategy was developed in 1980 by the "International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources" (IUCN) with advice, cooperation and financial assistance of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Wildlife Fund and in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco)"The strategy aims to "provide an intellectual framework and practical guidance for conservation actions."This thorough guidebook covers everything from the intended "users" of the strategy to its very priorities. It even includes a map section containing areas that have large seafood consumption and are therefore endangered by over fishing. The main sections are as follows:

  The marking off of a sea turtle nest

• The objectives of conservation and requirements for their achievement:

1. Maintenance of essential ecological processes and life-support systems.
2. Preservation of genetic diversity that is flora and fauna.
3. Sustainable utilization of species and ecosystems.

• Priorities for national action:

1. A framework for national and sub-national conservation strategies.
2. Policy making and the integration of conservation and development.
3. Environmental planning and rational use allocation.

• Priorities for international action:

1. International action: law and assistance.
2. Tropical forests and dry lands.
3. A global programme for the protection of genetic resource areas.

Map sections:

1. Tropical forests
2. Deserts and areas subject to desertification.

Major threats to wildlife Resources in Nigeria

 

Major threats to wildlife

Fewer natural wildlife habitat areas remain each year. Moreover, the habitat that remains has often been degraded to bear little resemblance to the wild areas which existed in the past.Habitat loss due to destruction, fragmentation or degradation of habitat is the primary threat to the survival of wildlife in the United States. When an ecosystem has been dramatically changed by human activities such as agriculture, oil and gas exploration, commercial development or water diversion it may no longer be able to provide the food, water, cover, and places to raise young. Every day there are fewer places left that wildlife can call home.
There are three major kinds of habitat loss:

• Habitat destruction: A bulldozer pushing down trees is the iconic image of habitat destruction. Other ways that people are directly destroying habitat, include filling in wetlands, dredging rivers, mowing fields, and cutting down trees.
• Habitat fragmentation: Much of the remaining terrestrial wildlife habitat in the U.S. has been cut up into fragments by roads and development. Aquatic species’ habitat has been fragmented by dams and water diversions. These fragments of habitat may not be large or connected enough to support species that need a large territory in which to find mates and food. The loss and fragmentation of habitat make it difficult for migratory species to find places to rest and feed along their migration routes.
• Habitat degradation: Pollution, invasive species and disruption of ecosystem processes (such as changing the intensity of fires in an ecosystem) are some of the ways habitats can become so degraded that they no longer support native wildlife.
  • Climate change: Global warming is making hot days hotter, rainfall and flooding heavier, hurricanes stronger and droughts more severe. This intensification of weather and climate extremes will be the most visible impact of global warming in our everyday lives. It is also causing dangerous changes to the landscape of our world, adding stress to wildlife species and their habitat. Since many types of plants and animals have specific habitat requirements, climate change could cause disastrous loss of wildlife species. A slight drop or rise in average rainfall will translate into large seasonal changes.Hibernating mammals, reptiles, amphibians and insects are harmed and disturbed. Plants and wildlife are sensitive to moisture change so, they will be harmed by any change in moisture level. Natural phenomena like floods, earthquakes, volcanoes, lightning, forest fires.
  • Unregulated Hunting and poaching: Unregulated hunting and poaching causes a major threat to wildlife. Along with this, mismanagement of forest department and forest guards triggers this problem.
  • Pollution: Pollutants released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of organisms.Pesticides and toxic chemical being widely used, making the environment toxic to certain plants, insects, and rodents.
  • Perhaps the largest threat is the extreme growing indifference of the public to wildlife, conservation and environmental issues in general.Over-exploitation of resources, i.e., exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-fishing and over-grazing for example).
  • Over exploitation is the over use of wildlife and plant species by people for food, clothing, pets, medicine, sport and many other purposes. People have always depended on wildlife and plants for food, clothing, medicine, shelter and many other needs. But today we are taking more than the natural world can supply. The danger is that if we take too many individuals of a species from their natural environment, the species may no longer be able to survive. The loss of one species can affect many other species in an ecosystem. The hunting, trapping, collecting and fishing of wildlife at unsustainable levels is not something new. The passenger pigeon was hunted to extinction early in the last century, and over-hunting nearly caused the extinction of the American bison and several species of whales.

Today, the Endangered Species Act protects some U.S. species that were in danger from over exploitation, and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Fauna and Flora (CITES) works to prevent the global trade of wildlife. But there are many species that are not protected from being illegally traded or over-harvested.

Facts about Aye-Aye

Aye Aye Classification and Evolution
The Aye Aye is a species of Lemur that is found inhabiting the rainforests of Madagascar. The Aye Aye is not only the largest nocturnal primate in the world but is also one of the most unique and is in fact so strange in appearance, that it was thought to be a large species of Squirrel when it was first discovered. In the mid 1800s the Aye Aye was finally recognized as being a species of Lemur but was classified in a group of it's own as their closest Lemur relatives remain a mystery even today. However, these incredibly unique animals are severely threatened throughout much of their natural habitat and were thought to be on the brink of extinction by 1980, primarily due to them being killed instantly by local people who believe that seeing an Aye Aye is very bad luck. Although today population numbers seem to have risen, the Aye Aye is one of Madagascar's most endangered animal species.

Aye Aye Anatomy and Appearance
The Aye Aye is a primate that is most closely related to Lemurs but is one of the most unique animals on the planet due the fact that it possesses a number of very distinct adaptations. Their body and long tail are covered in coarse, shaggy black or dark brown fur with a layer of white guard hairs that helps them to blend into the surrounding forest in the dark. The Aye Aye has very large eyes on it's pointed face, a pink nose and rodent-like teeth with incisors that grow continuously to ensure that they never become blunt. Their large rounded ears are incredibly sensitive giving the Aye Aye excellent hearing when listening for grubs beneath the tree bark and are able to be rotated independently. The Aye Aye has long and bony fingers with sharp pointed claws on the ends to help when dangling from branches, but it is the middle fingers on their front feet which are their most distinctive feature. Much longer than the others, these fingers are opposable with a double-jointed tip and a hooked claw on the end and are used for both detecting grubs in dead wood and then extracting them.

Aye Aye Distribution and Habitat
Historically, the Aye Aye inhabited the coastal forests of eastern and north-western Madagascar but by 1983 they were thought to be almost extinct with only a few scattered individuals known to still be found there. Since then their population numbers have increased and although these populations aren't favourably big, they are found in an increasing number of locations and in a variety of different forest habitats. The Aye Aye prefers dense, tropical and coastal rainforest where there is plenty of cover but they are also known to inhabit secondary forest, bamboo thickets, mangroves and even coconut groves along the eastern coast of Madagascar. However, along with the persecution of the Aye Aye by local people they are severely threatened in their natural environment by habitat loss. 

 Aye Aye Behaviour and Lifestyle
The Aye Aye is a nocturnal and arboreal animal meaning that it spends most of it's life high in the trees. Although they are known to come down to the ground on occasion, Aye Ayes sleep, eat, travel and mate in the trees and are most commonly found close to the canopy where there is plenty of cover from the dense foliage. During the day Aye Ayes sleep in spherical nests in the forks of tree branches that are constructed out of leaves, branches and vines before emerging after dark to begin their hunt for food. The Aye Aye is a solitary animal that marks it's large home range with scent with the smaller territory of a female often overlapping those of at least a couple of males. Male Aye Ayes tend to share their territories with other males and are even known to share the same nests (although not at the same time), and can seemingly tolerate each other until they hear the call of a female that is looking for a mate.

Aye Aye Reproduction and Life Cycles
It was previously thought that the Aye Aye had a very strict breeding season (in the same way as other Lemurs) when they actually seem to breed throughout the year, depending on the when the female comes into season. When a female is ready to mate she calls to male Lemurs who are known to gather around her and will fight aggressively between one another for breeding rights. After a gestation period that lasts for about five months, a single infant is born and spends it's first two months in the safety of the nest, not being weaned until it is at least 7 months old. Young Aye Ayes will remain with their mother until they are two years old and leave to establish a territory of their own. A female Aye Aye is thought to be able to start reproducing when she is between 3 and 3.5 years old where males seems to be able to do so at least 6 months earlier.

Aye Aye Diet and Prey
The Aye Aye is an omnivorous animal that feeds on both other animals and plant matter, moving about high up in the trees and under the cover of night. Males are known to cover distances of up to 4km a night in their search for food, feeding on a variety of fruits, seeds, insects and nectar. They are however specially adapted to hunt in a very unique way as they use their elongated middle finger to tap dead wood in search of the hollow tunnels created by wood-boring grubs, listening for even the slightest sound with their sensitive bat-like ears. Once the Aye Aye has detected it's prey it uses it's sharp front teeth to gnaw a hole into the wood before inserting the long middle finger, hooking the grub with it's claw and extracting it (filling the same ecological niche as a Woodpecker). The Aye Aye is also known to use this long digit to eat eggs and coconut flesh and is thought to be the only primate to use echolocation when searching for food.

Aye Aye Predators and Threats
The secretive and tree-dwelling lifestyle of the Aye Aye means that it actually has very few natural predators in it's native environment, with the agile and equally nocturnal Fossa being their most ferocious natural predator (along with Birds of Prey and Snakes that hunt the smaller and more vulnerable young). Humans are in fact the biggest threat to the Aye Aye as populations have been obliterated in much of their native forests due to superstition from local people who believe that it is a bad omen to see one. In other areas where they are not feared in this way, the Aye Aye is hunted as bushmeat. The biggest threat however to current populations is habitat loss caused both by deforestation and growing Human settlements that encroach on the Aye Aye's natural habitat.

Aye Aye Interesting Facts and Features
Although the Aye Aye is a solitary animal, males have very loose territories that can overlap those of a number of others. They build their nests high in the trees and will rarely sleep in the same one two nights in a row which means that one territory can contain numerous nests, with up to six thought to be found in just one tree. The Aye Aye is thought to be one of the creepiest creatures in the world with it's name believed to have come from the cry of alarm when a person spotted one. Despite now being found in more areas of it's once vast range, Aye Aye population numbers were once so low that they were actually thought to be extinct in the wild until 1957 when they were rediscovered.

Aye Aye Conservation Status and Life Today
Today, the Aye Aye is listed by the IUCN as an animal that is Endangered meaning that it is severely threatened from possible extinction in the near future. Numbers have increased somewhat since the 1980s and small populations have been sighted in more areas of their natural range however, they are still greatly threatened by the Human activity going on around them. A number of captive populations can be found around the world in breeding programs to try and save the Aye Aye from complete extinction. A small population can also be found on the island of Nosy Mangabe, which is a protected reserve just off Madagascar's north-east coast. 


     




 

sewsfuta

     Despite the lavishness in the deposition of our bleeding world treasures. Some centuries ago, one would not have known that man would be thus careless in its management. Accountability is a property of every rational human being, most tragically the remembrance of the ancient scientist Isaac Newton saddens me, His law of motion states that "A body (Situation) will be in a state of continuous motion or in a state of rest until a force is applied. The subsequent lines of this article will justify the reason why forces must be applied to stop the crazy motion of man's carelessness.

      There are basically three statues of life (Plants --Animals --Man). May it interest man that animals can certainly live without man, plant will flourish without man. Were they not in their natural habitat before man's selfishness  caused them to tame these dying species. How on earth will man live without any of them. It is not a threat that man is slightly young extentPlant. Plant exhale oxygen that is a treasure to man. Oxygen is the single most important element for survival of man.

Source of food and clothing  materials, Nothing is synthetic, everything was created, no matter the sophistication from nature, fibres, wood, metal clothes e.t.c there should be adequate conservation of these resources, as they are both related by functions that agree dependent.

All these calls for the needs to conserve our wildlife and natural species from going into extinctions due to the anthropogenic activities of human on these resources which has caused degradation on our natural habitat.